In-text citation examples
- Single author (Robertson, 2024)
- Two authors (Robertson & Shaw, 2024) or Robertson and Shaw (2024) found that...
- Three or more authors (Robertson et al., 2024) or Robertson et al. (2024) argued…
- Page numbers (Robertson, 2024, p. 22) or (Robertson, 2024, pp. 25–30)
- Slides in a PowerPoint presentation (Kennard, 2026, Slide 12)
- No clear publication date, use "n.d." (Gregorio, n.d.).
APA 7 Reference List Basics
An APA reference contains four basic parts: author, date, title, source. Some general rules are the author's last names are presented first followed by the first name initial, your list should be in alphabetical order (A-Z), use hanging indentations on the second line of a source, capitalize the first letter of each word in the Academic Journal's name. Include all authors names for a publication, up to 20 authors.
APA 7 Reference List Basics
An APA reference contains four basic parts: author, date, title, source. Some general rules are the author's last names are presented first followed by the first name initial, your list should be in alphabetical order (A-Z), use hanging indentations on the second line of a source, capitalize the first letter of each word in the Academic Journal's name. Include all authors names for a publication, up to 20 authors.
Most Common Reference Examples
Journal articles (Online)
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (publication year). Title of the article. Title of Journal, vol. (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Books
Author, A. (publication year). Title of the work: Capital letter for subtitle. Publisher, DOI.
Webpage
Author, A. & Author, B. (Year, Month Day). Title of the page. Website name. https://www.formatrexample.com/full/url/
University lectures are not typically included in the reference list, cite the lecture in text
(A. Bernard, personal communication, Month Day, Year) or A. Bernard described the process of... (personal communication, Month Day, Year).